Leith; Leys; Raysse; Reiss
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
to order; to command; to appoint
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
twentieth day of the month; twenty days
bill; bill of sale; tab (for later payment); credit; contact move (in go); direct attack to an enemy stone; sound effect produced by striking with clappers a wooden board in kabuki
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
stock; products; stolen goods; loot; spoils
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)