this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
sound; noise; note; Chinese-derived character reading
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
understood; I see; OK; present; here
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
honorific/polite/humble prefix
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
close call; narrow escape
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may