to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
regrettable; unfortunate; disappointing; vexing
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
(afternoon) nap; sleeping during the day; siesta
wonderful; splendid; magnificent; exceeding; incredible; remarkable
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to excel; to surpass; to exceed; to outweigh; to preponderate
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
department (in an organization, company, etc.); division; club (at a school, university, etc.); team; part; portion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
first-year student; first-year pupil; beginner; novice; annual; annual plant
staff; member (club, society, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
club activities; extracurricular activities
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to