punishment; spanking; smacking; chastisement; scolding
originally; by nature; from the start
certificate; certified document; (the) thumbs up; seal of approval; paper with signature of the shogun or lord
way one walks; one's walk
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
mountain climbing; mountaineering
refresh (e.g. memory, one's spirits, etc.)
mountain road; mountain trail
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
exhaustion; consumption; using up; dissipation; waste
to straighten up one's back (e.g. stand up straight, sit up straight); to hold one's head high
counter for pairs of socks, shoes, etc.
step; stride; counter for steps
width; breadth; freedom (e.g. of thought); latitude; gap; difference (e.g. in price)
fixed; settled; constant; definite; uniform; regularized
stool (stood on to reach high objects); small stepladder; (fig.) stepping stone
ascending and descending; going up and down
to tie up in a bundle (e.g. straw, hair, bills, letters); to bundle; to govern; to manage; to fold (one's arms); to put together (one's hands)
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be bothered (by something); to suffer
but; however; provided that
falling down; tumbling; reversing; inverting; getting upset
learning; acquisition (of a skill, knowledge, etc.)
to support; to maintain; to bring up; to raise; to adopt (a child); to cultivate (a habit, a quality, etc.)
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
end (e.g. of a line); tail end; rear; backmost part
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
indicates means of action; cause of effect; by
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses