resumption of service (train, bus, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hope; promise; expectation; anticipation; side of a structural member
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to repeat; to do something over again
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to stop (in one's tracks); to come to a stop; to halt; to pause; to stand still
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
God; god; ace; king; superior person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
president (of a society); chairman
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
home area; home town; local
support group; fan club; (election) committee
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on