indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
rough; wild; rude; harsh; gruff; violent
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
soon; shortly; before long; having no time to ...; with no time to ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
birth; creation; formation
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
protection law; shield law; law for the protection of something
construction; constructing; carrying out; work; formation; workmanship
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
after an interval of ... years; for the first time in ... years
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to stand watch; to stand guard; to look out; to open (one's eyes) wide
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...