indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to exert oneself and win; to gain (victory)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
pushing back one's opponent while locked in close quarters; having a tendency towards; being close to
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
front stage; center stage (of politics, etc.)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to flick out; to spring out; to calculate; to work out; to expel (from a group); to drive out
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
fastidiousness; love of cleanliness
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
to take back; to recapture
(state of) house arrest; (state of) confinement
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
to take (someone) away; to carry off; to abduct; to kidnap
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
rock (music); rock; boulder; on the rocks
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as