to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida); calabash; moonflower (Ipomoea alba)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
that; the matter in question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
discouraged; dispirited; despondent
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
gloomy; melancholy; pessimistic; luxuriant (of vegetation)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to fall ill; to become indisposed; to have one's physical condition deteriorate
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
imperial palace; festival dolls representing the emperor and the empress
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
entering (government) service; attendance (at one's office); presenting oneself for duty
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
long illness; protracted illness
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
hot topic; talk of the town
emperor (of Japan); mikado
honorific/polite/humble prefix
ear; hearing; ear (for music, etc.); edge; crust; ear (of a pot, jug, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise