sunshine; dry weather; luster; lustre
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
cloudiness; cloudy weather; fog (on a mirror, glasses, etc.); cloud (e.g. in marble); gloom; dejection
to end; to be finished; to die; to perish; to do utterly; to do completely
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
misty, moonlit night; (spring) night with a hazy moon
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to spread out (e.g. a futon); to lay out; to lay down (e.g. a cushion); to impose widely (e.g. martial law); to promulgate; to pin down; to hold down
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
-less; lacking; non-existing
it's been a long time; long time no see
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
empress or imperial consort's bridal entry into the court
maid of honor; maid of honour; lady-in-waiting
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
emperor (of Japan); mikado
near; close; beside; attendant; retainer; vassal
one's business; reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha; bargain; discount; (arch.) money paid to a prostitute or geisha
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
(short-term) leave allowed a servant
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
ague; intermittent fever; the shakes; malarial fever
to lie; to pretend; to feign; to deceive; to trick
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do