previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
ear (of a cereal plant); head; point (of a brush, spear, etc.); tip; crest (of a wave); scion (in grafting)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
phala (attained state, result); enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); fruit; counter for pieces of fruit
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (a burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
again; once more; a second time
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
news; word; tidings; omen; foreboding; premonition
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
participation (in a tournament, match, race, etc.); entry; appearance (on the stage, television, etc.); exiting (a venue, train station, etc.); exit; being dispatched (of an ambulance, fire engine, etc.)
positive; assertive; active; proactive; aggressive
third-year student; third-year pupil
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
when it becomes; when it comes to
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay