book; volume; this; present; main; head
town; city; municipal; urban
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
in that way; thus; so; so?
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't you think?; indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to compare (something) to; to liken; to speak figuratively; to use a simile; to use a metaphor
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)