previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
to begin to say; to start talking; to broach (a matter); to be the first to say; to suggest (doing); to propose
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
ding (of a bell); bing; honk (i.e. sound of blowing one's nose); snort; heating in a microwave; cooking in a microwave
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for