ear (of a cereal plant); head; point (of a brush, spear, etc.); tip; crest (of a wave); scion (in grafting)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
phala (attained state, result); enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); fruit; counter for pieces of fruit
suffix for familiar person
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
older sister; lass; young lady
what; so-and-so; such and such; what?; wait; well, well
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
a little; a bit; a small amount; a little while; a short time; a moment
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
besides; in addition; also; moreover
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
clumsy; awkward; unskillful; incompetent; inept; bungling
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...