indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain; England
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
round; circular; curved; smooth; harmonious; calm
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
waterfall; (arch.) rapids
training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
to close one's eyes; to lower one's eyelids; to shut one's eyes; to die; to breathe one's last
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend