previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to recommend (someone to do); to advise; to recommend (a book, someone for a position, etc.); to suggest; to offer (a drink, cigarette, seat, etc.)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
to be dispersed; to get separated
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as a child; when one was a child; childhood
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
shooting star; falling star; meteor; blaze (wide white stripe down the face of a horse)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to face; to go towards; to head towards
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care