yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
second day of the month; two days
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
roundup (criminals, animals, etc.); manhunt; crackdown; swoop; raid
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ding (of a bell); bing; honk (i.e. sound of blowing one's nose); snort; heating in a microwave; cooking in a microwave
honorific/polite/humble prefix
washing; laundry; relaxing; taking a break
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to perceive; to sense; to understand; to comprehend; to attain enlightenment
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
youthful; young; young-looking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to be put in order; to be put to rights; to be disposed of; to be solved; to be finished; to be married (off)
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to grow up; to become an adult
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
conservative without party affiliation
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof