previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
business; trade; operations; sales
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
failure; mistake; blunder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come fluttering in (e.g. leaves, snow, flowers, etc.); to come dancing in; to drop in unexpectedly; to happen unexpectedly
big chance; big opportunity
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
degree of familiarity; popularity
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
commercial (radio, TV, etc.); ad; construction management; contract manufacturer; customer management; court martial
performance; appearance (in a stage, film, TV show, etc.)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus); domestic chicken; chicken meat
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and (so); (and) then; because of which; in addition to that
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
mud; slush; (wet) dirt; thief
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
mud; muddy; covered in mud
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
necessary; indispensable; must-have; must; juice of grapes or other fruit prior to fermentation into wine
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
name; given name; first name
to spread; to be propagated
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial