previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
reorganization (e.g. of a company); reorganisation; consolidation; scrap-and-build
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continuance; survival; persistence; retention; duration
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
there is nothing; having nothing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
charm; fascination; glamour; glamor; attraction; appeal
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
hard fighting; hard struggle; fighting against heavy odds
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
quantity; amount; generosity; magnanimity; pramana (means by which one gains accurate and valid knowledge; in Indian philosophy)
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
proportion; proportional representation section (of an election)
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
stirring; rousing oneself
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to step forward; to take a step forward; to start on a project, etc.; to take the first step with
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
the other day; previously; last time; last (Sunday, summer, etc.); previous (e.g. mayor, chapter)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
restoration to life; coming to life again; reformation; rehabilitation; recycling; reclamation; playback
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely