at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
suffix for familiar person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
forcibly; against one's will
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
for your information; I'm telling you
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
government official; public official