somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
government; administration
notice; notification; report; posting
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
myself; yourself; I; me; you
how; in what way; by what means
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to recall; to remember; to recollect
study; diligence; discount; reduction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
repetition; repeat; reiteration; repeatedly
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
government official; public official
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
all; entire; whole; altogether
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful