indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
to fuss over; to be particular about; to be obsessive about; to be fixated on; to obstruct; to hinder
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
so; like this; in this way
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
summer vacation; summer holiday
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
marathon; long-distance race
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
senior high school; high school
famous product; special product; speciality; specialty
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
club activities; extracurricular activities