indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to glitter; to glisten; to sparkle; to twinkle; to glare; to gleam
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
instant; moment; for an instant
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
visit; call; arrival (e.g. of spring); advent; news; tidings
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
being too late; losing one's final chance
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back