again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
worst; horrible; horrid; in the worst case; if worst comes to worst
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
moderate; reserved; conservative; humble; mild-mannered; self-effacing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
willingly; voluntarily; on one's own accord
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation