today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
primary school; elementary school; grade school
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
athletic meet (esp. at school); sports day
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
loveable; very likeable; like very much
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
suffix for familiar person
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mountain hare (Lepus timidus); blue hare; tundra hare; hare made of snow
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
worth; merit; value; good point; redeeming feature; saving grace
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
bento; Japanese box lunch
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy