this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
family; members of a family
number of days; period of days; daily interest rate
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
Buddhist temple; religious building; church; cathedral
circumference; girth; tour; pilgrimage; circulation (e.g. of blood)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
A common name for the area around Akihabara Station in the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, Japan, famous for being the centre of modern Japanese popular culture and a major shopping district for video games, anime, manga, electronics and computer-related goods.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
it is not (like that) either
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
distance between two cars
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
trouble; bother; annoyance
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need