this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
family; members of a family
number of days; period of days; daily interest rate
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
Buddhist temple; religious building; church; cathedral
circumference; girth; tour; pilgrimage; circulation (e.g. of blood)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
A common name for the area around Akihabara Station in the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, Japan, famous for being the centre of modern Japanese popular culture and a major shopping district for video games, anime, manga, electronics and computer-related goods.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
it is not (like that) either
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Japanese food; Japanese meal
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
ago; since; before; previous
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
besides; furthermore; on top of that; and yet; nevertheless; even so
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
how; in what way; how (much); to what extent; however (much); no matter how
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!