indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
should; must; -able; probably; likely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn towards; to point
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to store; to save up; to accumulate (e.g. knowledge); to build up (e.g. experience); to grow (a beard, moustache, etc.); to wear
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
devil; evil spirit; genie
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
party; group; troop; one act; one action; one deed
sacred treasure; the three sacred treasures (sword, jewel, mirror); implement used in religious ceremonies
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
participation in a war; going to war; taking part in a competition or contest
playing; play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; the present time; just now; another; more