indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
to pour drinks for each other; to drink together
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
skillful; skilful; delicious; tasty; good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
already; now; no longer; not any more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
the other world; the next world; the world beyond; world after death
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
quickly; calmly; intently
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
how; in what way; how about