indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
what the?; what's going on?; what's this?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
beautiful face; good looks; beauty
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to be needed; to be wanted
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
society; the world; the times
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
et cetera; etc.; and the like; the likes of; something like
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to be stormy or choppy (sea); to go through hard times; to be broke; to be gloomy; to be glum
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
big hit; big prize; bumper crop; striking it rich; right on the mark; bonanza
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)