brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
melodic incoming call tones (esp. mobile telephones); ringtone; ring tone
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
business; thing to be done; something that should be performed; information that should be conveyed
story; tale; talk; discussion
please (give me); please (do for me)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
father; dad; husband; you; he
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
twenty-seventh day of the month; twenty-seven days
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...