at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
each nation; many nations; many countries
division (distribution) of roles; role-sharing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to read out; to read aloud; to call out; to finish reading; to read through
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at hand; on hand; way of moving one's arms; skill; money at hand; pocket money
to refer to; to use as reference
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain; England
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
covering; protection; backing; relief
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
important task; important role; major part (in a film, play, etc.); leading role; high-scoring combination
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
question; inquiry; enquiry
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
suffix appended to somebody else's family members
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
of course; certainly; naturally