to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to read the situation; to sense the mood
statement; remark; observation; utterance; speech; proposal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be careful; to be discreet; to do in moderation; to refrain (from overdoing); to be purified; to be chaste
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
retirement; retiring (from a race, match, etc.); dropping out
suffix appended to somebody else's family members
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(laughing) foolishly; (smiling) thoughtlessly; indiscreetly (talking); carelessly (speaking); thin (paper, cloth, etc.); flimsy
spatula; (artificially cultured) Japanese crucian carp
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to all appearances; no matter how you look at it
suspicious character (person, figure)
that gentleman; that lady; he; she
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
different person; another person; someone else; changed man
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
improper; immodest; disgraceful; shameful; vulgar; low