10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
document; official papers
as (for); for; in the capacity of
disqualification; elimination; incapacity; being unfit for one's role; being a failure
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
exceedingly; extremely; very many; indeed
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
passing mark; qualifying marks (score)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
duplication; repetition; overlapping; redundancy; restoration
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante
check; plaid; checking; monitoring; check (banking); cheque
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
just you wait and see (as a threat)
water's edge; beach; shore
to end; to be finished; to die; to perish; to do utterly; to do completely
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?