somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
rolled egg; rolled omelette (omelet); fried egg; frying pan for making rolled eggs
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be crushed; to be smashed; to become useless; to cease functioning; to go bankrupt; to go out of business
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
thereabouts; vicinity; that area; that situation; those circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
suffix for familiar person
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
origin; beginning; variable measure of fabric (28.8 cm in width); for kimonos: at least 10 m in length; tip; extremity
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
(some) more; even more; longer; further
concentration; diligence; asceticism; zeal in one's quest for enlightenment; adherence to a vegetarian diet
thank you for the meal; that was a delicious meal; what a wonderful meal
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
adds force or indicates command
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give