indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; now; no longer; not any more
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
no matter what; whatever happens; in any situation; rain or shine
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
to look down on (someone); to make fun of; to put down; to treat with contempt; to underestimate
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
being out of time; passing the deadline; time-out
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor