space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
folding; bending; wrapping; packing; folding (in poker)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
orbit; trajectory; railroad track; (right) track; proper course
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to turn towards; to point
to run at full speed; to run and run; to try one's hardest
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
repulse; repelling (e.g. the enemy); driving back
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
transformation; variation; metamorphosis; modification; deformation; variety
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
inhabitant; resident; citizen; population
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
people; men and women; each person; everybody
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
restoration; repair; mending
moment; brief space of time
again; once more; a second time
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although