to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
memories; recollections; reminiscence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
stinginess; miserliness; shabby; cheap; petty; narrow-minded
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
to pass (by) each other; to brush past; to miss (meeting) each other; to fail to meet; to be at odds; to clash
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
special someone; special person; precious one; significant other
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
year in, year out; always; 24-7
in that way; thus; so; so?
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
not necessarily so; is not always true
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage