cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
mound; heap; hillock; burial mound; tomb; tumulus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
such; like that; that sort of; very
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
complexion; one's colour; one's color; countenance; expression; one's face
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
sea slug (various orthogastropod species, esp. of order Nudibranchia); nudibranch
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides