indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
unusual event; strange occurrence; strange phenomenon; something abnormal; change (for the worse); accident
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to experience
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to begin to catch (attention, etc.); to begin to collect
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
a piece; a scrap; a fragment; iota; modicum; trace
even; if only; if just; as long as; the only thing needed
to let go by; to let pass; to overlook; to miss
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
race (of people); type of person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
white sandbar; white sandbank; area in a garden or entrance of a house laid with white sand or pebbles; gravel separating a noh stage from the audience; (arch.) court of law in the Edo period, in which the parties sat on white sand
to bury; to embed; to implant
IC tag (integrated circuit tag, used as an alternative to bar codes)
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
to follow (road); to pursue (course); to follow up; to follow (hyperlink)
Buddhist temple; religious building; church; cathedral
vitality; (one's) life force
to abate; to weaken; to be emaciated; to be dejected; to be perplexed
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)