indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
form; shape; figure; visage
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
command; control; commander
cluster; clique; faction; fan group
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
in that way; thus; so; so?
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
genuine article; real thing; real deal
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
myself; yourself; I; me; you
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
father; dad; husband; you; he
study; research; investigation
to take over; to hand over
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then