indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
honorific/polite/humble prefix
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
story; tale; talk; discussion
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
please excuse the intrusion; I'm coming in
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
so-so; passable; now, now; there, there; my, my; oh my!
lovely; sweet; pretty; cute; adorable
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think