indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
after that; afterwards; thereafter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
of course; certainly; naturally
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
by myself; in person; by oneself
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such; like that; that sort of; very