indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
all (there is); as long as there is
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
lily of the valley (Convallaria keiskei)
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lottery; tombola; drawing
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fret (over); to brood (about); to mope; worriedly; (fretting) constantly; (worrying) over this and that
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
corridor; hallway; passageway
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...