star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
first; first base; first baseman; fast
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
brotherly love; fraternal love; sibling affection
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
effect; result; worth; use; avail
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
bergamot (Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia); bergamot orange; bergamot (Monarda didyma); bee balm; Oswego tea
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
plentiful; abundant; ample; lavish
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
how; in what way; how about