divine protection; divine blessing; blessed; fortunate; monetary offering (to a temple or shrine); form of Edo period business tax
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to play an instrument (esp. string instruments); to dance
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
conclusion; decision; end; settlement
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to face; to go towards; to head towards
adds force or indicates command
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
pupil; student; schoolchild
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
trouble; bother; annoyance
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder