yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
Java (Indonesian island); Java coffee
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to flutter (in the wind); to wave; to turn over; to flip over; to suddenly change (attitude, opinion, etc.); to suddenly switch
outline of the Sun (esp. represented as a red circle); the Japanese flag
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
pretending not to see something; turning a blind eye to; burying one's head in the sand
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
nth year in the Shōwa era (1926.12.25-1989.1.7)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
better; preferable; more; increase; (arch.) increase; (arch.) growth
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
jam-packed; packed in like sardines
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience