indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
digestion (of food); digestion (of information); assimilation; consumption; absorption; (arch.) losing one's form and turning into something else
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
food; foodstuff; prey; victim
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
fungus; germ; bacterium; bacillus
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be infected; to be contagious
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity