Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
resuscitation; regeneration; reformation; rehabilitation; playback; regeneration (sound, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
establishment; founding; setting (a record)
unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
order; discipline; regularity; system; method
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
allied forces; the Allies (e.g. in WWII)
to challenge (a person) to a fight
beginning of hostilities; beginning of competition
inferiority (e.g. numerical); inferior position; disadvantage; unfavorable situation; unfavourable situation
in order to do; for the purpose of doing
interior; inside; internal
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
development; exploitation
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
acquisition; obtaining; coming to hand
to plan; to attempt; to plot; to conspire; to aim for; to strive for
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
registration; accession; register; entry; record
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
defending to the last; desperate defence; stubborn defence
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
contest; competition; struggle; scramble