if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
older brother; elder brother
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indecent talk; dirty story
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor