honorific/polite/humble prefix
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
magician; wizard; sorcerer; witch
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
tradition; legend; folklore
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until now; so far; up to the present
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to face; to go towards; to head towards
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in comparison to; rather than
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
university graduate; bachelor; bachelor's degree
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
war; fighting; fierce competition
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Artiodactyla; order comprising the even-toed ungulates